General concept

The DTE-S2GOS simulator relies on Eradiate, a state-of-the-art 3D radiative transfer model, to accurately simulate observations acquired by satellite- and ground-based radiometers. It supports both multispectral instruments, such as Sentinel-2/MSI, and hyperspectral instruments, such as CHIME and HYPSTAR-XR, offering users a high degree of flexibility in configuring instrument characteristics and observation conditions.

The simulator is also being extended to generate Level-2 products. In particular, satellite simulations can provide the reference (“true”) surface reflectance, making DTE-S2GOS a valuable tool for developing and validating retrieval algorithms.

For certain instruments, such as HYPSTAR-XR, the simulations achieve a high level of geometric detail, accounting for characteristics such as the circular field of view (FOV) and the presence of the instrument’s supporting structure. These features may influence the recorded radiance and are therefore important for accurately reproducing real measurement conditions.

Satellite observations

DTE-S2GOS supports the simulation of multispectral and hyperspectral satellite observations, accounting for instrument characteristics such as radiometric noise, spectral response functions and the point spread function. Simulations typically produce Level-1C images, with orthorectification applied when requested by the user.

S2GOS currently supports the following radiometers:

Ground-based observations

S2GOS allows the simulation of different types of measurement techniques/radiometers:

• Digital Hemispherical Photography (DHP)
• HYPSTAR-XR instrument
• Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor

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